Symptoms of Zika virus infection
Zika virus infection causes a mild disease (with the possible exception in pregnant women, as discussed below) and, other than notification, no particular action is required. However, as Zika infection may cause a rash that could be confused with more serious diseases such as measles or dengue, these more serious diseases do need to be ruled out. Diagnosis of Zika will first and foremost be by exclusion, based on symptoms, travel history and exclusion of more serious diseases including measles, rubella and dengue.
The incubation period is typically 3–12 days. There is no specific therapy for Zika virus infection and acute symptoms typically resolve within 4-7 days.
In French Polynesia, after a local Zika virus outbreak in 2013 and 2014, an increase in autoimmune and neurological diseases has been observed (73 cases, 42 of them being Guillain-Barré Syndrome, in a population of about 270,000). There is no proven link at this stage other than this temporal sequence. The simultaneous circulation of dengue serotype 1 and 3 viruses may also play a role.
- low-grade fever (between 37.8°C and 38.5°C)
- arthralgia, notably of small joints of hands and feet, with possible swollen joints
- myalgia
- headache, retro-ocular headaches
- conjunctivitis
- cutaneous maculopapular rash
- post-infection asthenia which seems to be frequent.
Zika virus infection causes a mild disease (with the possible exception in pregnant women, as discussed below) and, other than notification, no particular action is required. However, as Zika infection may cause a rash that could be confused with more serious diseases such as measles or dengue, these more serious diseases do need to be ruled out. Diagnosis of Zika will first and foremost be by exclusion, based on symptoms, travel history and exclusion of more serious diseases including measles, rubella and dengue.
The incubation period is typically 3–12 days. There is no specific therapy for Zika virus infection and acute symptoms typically resolve within 4-7 days.
In French Polynesia, after a local Zika virus outbreak in 2013 and 2014, an increase in autoimmune and neurological diseases has been observed (73 cases, 42 of them being Guillain-Barré Syndrome, in a population of about 270,000). There is no proven link at this stage other than this temporal sequence. The simultaneous circulation of dengue serotype 1 and 3 viruses may also play a role.
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